/* ===========================================
           CSS RESET & BASE STYLES
           =========================================== */
        
        /* Modern CSS reset to normalize default browser styles */
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            box-sizing: border-box; /* Include padding and borders in element width/height calculations */
        }
        
        /* Remove default list styling */
        ul, ol {
            list-style: none;
        }
        
        /* Remove default link styling */
        a {
            text-decoration: none;
            color: inherit;
        }
        
        /* Improve image handling */
        img {
            max-width: 100%;
            height: auto;
            display: block;
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           CSS CUSTOM PROPERTIES (VARIABLES)
           =========================================== */
        
        :root {
            /* Color palette for consistent theming */
            --bg-primary: #0d1117;      /* Main dark background */
            --bg-secondary: #161b22;    /* Secondary darker background */
            --bg-card: #21262d;         /* Card background color */
            --neon-green: #2ea043;      /* Primary neon accent */
            --neon-blue: #58a6ff;       /* Secondary neon accent */
            --text-primary: #ffffff;    /* Main text color */
            --text-secondary: #8b949e;  /* Secondary text color */
            --text-muted: #6e7681;      /* Muted text color */
            
            /* Typography */
            --font-tech: 'Orbitron', monospace;      /* Futuristic font for headers */
            --font-body: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;   /* Clean font for body text */
            
            /* Spacing system */
            --spacing-xs: 0.5rem;
            --spacing-sm: 1rem;
            --spacing-md: 1.5rem;
            --spacing-lg: 2rem;
            --spacing-xl: 3rem;
            
            /* Border radius for consistent rounded corners */
            --border-radius: 8px;
            --border-radius-lg: 12px;
            
            /* Transition timing for smooth animations */
            --transition: all 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           BASE TYPOGRAPHY & LAYOUT
           =========================================== */
        
        /* Set base font and background for entire page */
        body {
            font-family: var(--font-body);
            background: var(--bg-primary);
            color: var(--text-primary);
            line-height: 1.6;
            /* Animated background gradient (stretch goal) */
            background: linear-gradient(45deg, var(--bg-primary), var(--bg-secondary), var(--bg-primary));
            background-size: 400% 400%;
            animation: gradientPulse 15s ease infinite;
        }
        
        /* Stretch Goal: Pulsing background gradient animation */
        @keyframes gradientPulse {
            0% { background-position: 0% 50%; }
            50% { background-position: 100% 50%; }
            100% { background-position: 0% 50%; }
        }
        
        /* Container for consistent content width and centering */
        .container {
            max-width: 1200px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 var(--spacing-sm);
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           HEADER & NAVIGATION STYLES
           =========================================== */
        
        /* Main header container with flexbox layout */
        .header {
            background: rgba(22, 27, 34, 0.95); /* Semi-transparent for layering */
            backdrop-filter: blur(10px); /* Modern blur effect */
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-card);
            position: sticky; /* Header sticks to top when scrolling */
            top: 0;
            z-index: 100; /* Ensure header stays above other content */
        }
        
        /* Flexbox container for header content */
        .header-content {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            align-items: center;
            padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
        }
        
        /* Logo styling with neon glow effect */
        .logo {
            font-family: var(--font-tech);
            font-size: 2rem;
            font-weight: 900;
            color: var(--neon-green);
            text-shadow: 0 0 20px var(--neon-green); /* Neon glow effect */
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        
        /* Enhanced glow on logo hover */
        .logo:hover {
            text-shadow: 0 0 30px var(--neon-green), 0 0 40px var(--neon-green);
            transform: scale(1.05); /* Subtle scale effect */
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           DESKTOP NAVIGATION
           =========================================== */
        
        /* Desktop navigation container */
        .nav-desktop {
            display: flex;
            gap: var(--spacing-lg);
        }
        
        /* Individual navigation links */
        .nav-link {
            position: relative; /* For animated underline positioning */
            padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);
            color: var(--text-secondary);
            font-weight: 600;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        
        /* Animated underline effect using pseudo-element */
        .nav-link::after {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            bottom: -2px;
            left: 50%;
            width: 0;
            height: 2px;
            background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--neon-blue), var(--neon-green));
            transition: var(--transition);
            transform: translateX(-50%); /* Center the underline */
        }
        
        /* Hover effects for navigation links */
        .nav-link:hover {
            color: var(--text-primary);
            text-shadow: 0 0 15px var(--neon-blue);
        }
        
        /* Expand underline on hover */
        .nav-link:hover::after {
            width: 100%;
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           MOBILE HAMBURGER MENU
           =========================================== */
        
        /* Hide checkbox input (used for toggle functionality) */
        .menu-toggle {
            display: none;
        }
        
        /* Hamburger icon container */
        .hamburger {
            display: none; /* Hidden on desktop */
            flex-direction: column;
            cursor: pointer;
            padding: var(--spacing-xs);
        }
        
        /* Individual hamburger lines */
        .hamburger span {
            width: 25px;
            height: 3px;
            background: var(--neon-green);
            margin: 3px 0;
            transition: var(--transition);
            border-radius: 2px;
            box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--neon-green); /* Neon glow */
        }
        
        /* Mobile navigation menu (hidden by default) */
        .nav-mobile {
            display: none;
            position: absolute;
            top: 100%;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            background: var(--bg-secondary);
            border-top: 1px solid var(--bg-card);
            box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
        }
        
        /* Mobile navigation links */
        .nav-mobile .nav-link {
            display: block;
            padding: var(--spacing-md);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-card);
        }
        
        /* Show mobile menu when checkbox is checked */
        .menu-toggle:checked ~ .nav-mobile {
            display: block;
        }
        
        /* Animate hamburger to X when menu is open */
        .menu-toggle:checked ~ .hamburger span:nth-child(1) {
            transform: rotate(45deg) translate(5px, 5px);
        }
        
        .menu-toggle:checked ~ .hamburger span:nth-child(2) {
            opacity: 0; /* Hide middle line */
        }
        
        .menu-toggle:checked ~ .hamburger span:nth-child(3) {
            transform: rotate(-45deg) translate(7px, -6px);
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           HERO SECTION
           =========================================== */
        
        /* Hero banner with centered content */
        .hero {
            text-align: center;
            padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-secondary), var(--bg-primary));
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bg-card);
        }
        
        /* Main hero title */
        .hero h1 {
            font-family: var(--font-tech);
            font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4rem); /* Responsive font sizing */
            font-weight: 700;
            margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
            background: linear-gradient(45deg, var(--neon-green), var(--neon-blue));
            -webkit-background-clip: text;
            -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
            background-clip: text;
        }
        
        
         /* /* Limit the maximum size of the 
         Spline 3D viewer and center it in the hero section */ 

       
        /* Hero slogan */
        .hero p {
            font-size: 1.2rem;
            color: var(--text-secondary);
            max-width: 600px;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           MAIN CONTENT AREA
           =========================================== */
        
        .main-content {
            padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
        }
        
        /* Section heading */
        .section-title {
            font-family: var(--font-tech);
            font-size: 2.5rem;
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
            color: var(--neon-blue);
            text-shadow: 0 0 20px var(--neon-blue);
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           NEWS GRID LAYOUT
           =========================================== */
        
        /* CSS Grid container for responsive article layout */
        .news-grid {
            display: grid;
            gap: var(--spacing-lg);
            /* Responsive grid columns using CSS Grid */
            grid-template-columns: 1fr; /* Mobile: 1 column */
        }
        
        /* Tablet breakpoint: 2 columns */
        @media (min-width: 768px) {
            .news-grid {
                grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
            }
        }
        
        /* Desktop breakpoint: 4 columns */
        @media (min-width: 1024px) {
            .news-grid {
                grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
            }
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           ARTICLE CARD STYLING
           =========================================== */
        
        /* Individual article card container */
        .article-card {
            background: var(--bg-card);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
            overflow: hidden; /* Ensure child elements don't overflow rounded corners */
            transition: var(--transition);
            border: 1px solid transparent;
            cursor: pointer;
        }
        
        /* Hover effects for article cards */
        .article-card:hover {
            transform: translateY(-5px); /* Lift effect */
            border-color: var(--neon-green);
            box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(46, 160, 67, 0.2); /* Neon glow shadow */
        }
        
        /* Article image container */
        .article-image {
            width: 100%;
            height: 200px;
            background: linear-gradient(45deg, var(--neon-green), var(--neon-blue));
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            font-family: var(--font-tech);
            font-weight: bold;
            color: var(--bg-primary);
            position: relative;
            overflow: hidden;
        }
        
        /* Animated background for placeholder images */
        .article-image::before {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            top: -50%;
            left: -50%;
            width: 200%;
            height: 200%;
            background: linear-gradient(45deg, transparent, rgba(255,255,255,0.1), transparent);
            transform: rotate(45deg);
            animation: shimmer 3s infinite;
        }
        
        /* Shimmer animation for images */
        @keyframes shimmer {
            0% { transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(-100%) rotate(45deg); }
            100% { transform: translateX(100%) translateY(100%) rotate(45deg); }
        }
        
        /* Article content container */
        .article-content {
            padding: var(--spacing-md);
        }
        
        /* Article title styling */
        .article-title {
            font-family: var(--font-tech);
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            font-weight: 700;
            margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
            color: var(--text-primary);
            line-height: 1.4;
            /* Limit title to 3 lines with ellipsis */
            display: -webkit-box;
            -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
            -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
            overflow: hidden;
        }
        
        /* Article summary text */
        .article-summary {
            color: var(--text-secondary);
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
            /* Limit summary to 4 lines with ellipsis */
            display: -webkit-box;
            -webkit-line-clamp: 4;
            -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
            overflow: hidden;
        }
        
        /* Article source attribution */
        .article-source {
            color: var(--neon-blue);
            font-size: 0.8rem;
            font-weight: 600;
            text-transform: uppercase;
            letter-spacing: 1px;
        }
        
/* ======================
   CONTACT FORM
   Styles for the contact form
   ====================== */
.contact-section {
    padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0; /* Vertical padding */
}

.contact-form {
    max-width: 600px; /* Maximum form width */
    margin: 0 auto; /* Center form horizontally */
}

.form-group {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm); /* Space between form groups */
}

.form-label {
    display: block; /* Block level element */
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs); /* Space below label */
    color: var(--text-primary); /* Label color */
}

.form-input,
.form-textarea {
    width: 100%; /* Full width */
    padding: var(--spacing-xs); /* Internal padding */
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); /* Subtle border */
    border-radius: var(--border-radius); /* Rounded corners */
    background-color: var(--bg-card); /* Input background */
    color: var(--text-primary); /* Input text color */
    font-family: inherit; /* Inherit font family */
}

/* Focus states for form elements */
.form-input:focus,
.form-textarea:focus {
    outline: none; /* Remove default outline */
    border-color: var(--accent-cyan); /* Change border color on focus */
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0, 255, 255, 0.2); /* Glow effect on focus */
}

.form-textarea {
    min-height: 150px; /* Minimum height */
    resize: vertical; /* Allow vertical resizing only */
}

.radio-group,
.checkbox-group {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs); /* Space between options */
}

.radio-label,
.checkbox-label {
    display: flex; /* Flexbox for alignment */
    align-items: center; /* Center vertically */
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs); /* Space below label */
    cursor: pointer; /* Pointer cursor on hover */
}

.radio-input,
.checkbox-input {
    margin-right: var(--spacing-xs); /* Space between input and label text */
    accent-color: var(--neon-green); /* Custom accent color */
}

.submit-btn {
    background-color: var(--neon-blue); /* Button background */
    color:var(--bg-primary); /* Button text color */
    border: none; /* No border */
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-md); /* Button padding */
    border-radius: var(--border-radius); /* Rounded corners */
    font-weight: 600; /* Semi-bold */
    cursor: pointer; /* Pointer cursor on hover */
    transition: all 0.3s ease; /* Smooth transition for hover effects */
}

.submit-btn:hover {
    background-color: var(--neon-green); /* Change background on hover */
    color: var(--text-primary); /* Change text color on hover */
    background-color: var(--neon-green);
}

        /* ===========================================
           FOOTER SECTION
           =========================================== */
        
        .footer {
            background: var(--bg-secondary);
            border-top: 1px solid var(--bg-card);
            padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
            text-align: center;
        }
        
        /* Social links container */
        .social-links {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            gap: var(--spacing-lg);
            margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
        }
        
        /* Individual social link styling */
        .social-link {
            color: var(--text-secondary);
            font-weight: 600;
            padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);
            border: 1px solid var(--text-muted);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        
        /* Social link hover effects with different neon colors */
        .social-link:hover {
            color: var(--text-primary);
            border-color: var(--neon-green);
            box-shadow: 0 0 15px var(--neon-green);
        }
        
        .social-link:nth-child(2):hover {
            border-color: var(--neon-green);
            box-shadow: 0 0 15px var(--neon-green);
        }
        
        /* Copyright text */
        .copyright {
            color: var(--text-muted);
            font-size: 0.9rem;
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           RESPONSIVE DESIGN BREAKPOINTS
           =========================================== */
        
        /* Tablet and mobile responsive adjustments */
        @media (max-width: 1023px) {
            /* Hide desktop navigation, show hamburger menu */
            .nav-desktop {
                display: none;
            }
            
            .hamburger {
                display: flex;
            }
        }
        
        /* Mobile-specific adjustments */
        @media (max-width: 767px) {
            .container {
                padding: 0 var(--spacing-xs);
            }
            
            .hero {
                padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
            }
            
            .social-links {
                flex-wrap: wrap;
                gap: var(--spacing-sm);
            }
        }
        
        /* ===========================================
           UTILITY CLASSES
           =========================================== */
        
        /* Screen reader only content (accessibility) */
        .sr-only {
            position: absolute;
            width: 1px;
            height: 1px;
            padding: 0;
            margin: -1px;
            overflow: hidden;
            clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
            white-space: nowrap;
            border: 0;
        }
        
        /* Focus styles for accessibility */
        *:focus {
            outline: 2px solid var(--neon-blue);
            outline-offset: 2px;
        }